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SUMMARY AND EXPLANATION
Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) are frequently present in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
and, less commonly, in other autoimmune diseases Rheumatoid arthritis, Collagen vascular diseases,
chronic liver diseases and systemic sclerosis (scleroderma). ANA bind to several nuclear antigens
including DsDNA, SSDNA, RNP, Sm, SSA and SSB. ANA frequency increases with age in apparently
healthy people, especially women after the age of 45 years. ANA ELISA is widely used as a screening
procedure for different autoimmune diseases.